Physical education (P.E.) can be an important opportunity for English language learners (ELLs) to make friends, get some exercise, learn new skills, and pursue their interests.
Here are some ways that P.E. educators can support their ELLs in the classroom and beyond.
Getting Started
P.E. class may be new for ELLs. When you meet students, tell them a little bit about the class, how often you meet, and how to find the gym if needed.
Welcoming Students
Welcome your students in the following ways:
- Greet students with warm smiles.
- Introduce yourself with the name that students should use.
- Learn to say students' names correctly.
- Look for opportunities to involve students and ask for their help with special jobs or tasks.
- Keep an eye out for bullying due to language, accent, country of origin, cultural customs, food, dress, or immigration status. Address any bullying you see immediately.
Teaching Immigrant Students
All students have a right to a free public K-12 education, regardless of their (or their parents') immigration status. Students should never be asked about their immigration status by school staff.
Getting to Know Students
- Learn more about students' interests and talents.
- Find out what kinds of sports, games, or other activities students enjoy.
- Keep in mind that students may already have different types knowledge and skills about their favorite activities.
Culture
Welcome students' cultures by:
- Showing respect for students' cultures.
- Inviting students to share popular sports or games from their cultures.
A Friendly face
Every adult in a school has the opportunity to make a positive difference for a student. When former ELLs recall their school memories, they often recall moments of kindness from individual staff members or teachers.
For example, consider this conversation shared by Jan Anglade, an ESOL teacher in Georgia:
Me: "So you like this school and the teachers?"
Student: "Yes, I like it. You are my favorite teacher."
Me: "But I'm NOT your teacher. You have never been in my class."
Student: "Yes, but you are nice to us, and smile, and talk to us, and say good morning to us."
P.E. Instruction
There are lots of ways to support ELL instruction in P.E. class! Here are few high-impact strategies to help you get started, with links to more information about how to use each strategy.
Background Knowledge
- Keep an eye out for the background knowledge students will need to participate in P.E. games or activities.
- Look for ways to connect content to students' experiences.
Rules and Instructions
- Students may to learn the rules of the games or sports you are playing.
- If so, they will need step-by-step explanations, ideally with visuals and demonstrations. Translated rules can also be helpful.
Equipment and Attire
- Students may need to learn how to use the equipment used in P.E. activities. Provide demonstrations and explain how to use anything they will be using safely.
- Ensure students know the rules related to clothes, changing, and swimsuits.
- If students have cultural concerns related to attire, coverage, or gender, treat their concerns respectfully. Work with a family liaison if possible to find a solution that the student and family feel comfortable with.
Vocabulary
Teach key vocabulary students may need to know, such as:
- Words related to activities (offense, defense)
- Words with multiple meanings (run)
- Homophones (one/won)
Connecting to the Community
Share P.E. beyond the classroom by:
- Taking field trips
- Bringing in guest speakers
- Attending local events
Note for field trips: Make sure to provide translated information and permission slips for field trips.
Language Supports
If academic content is part of P.E., including health and wellness information, these strategies can help ELLs access grade-level content.
Scaffolds
Scaffolds are temporary supports that give students access to grade-level content. Just like the scaffolds used in building construction, scaffolds are taken away when they are no longer needed.
As you teach new content, you can use scaffolds such as:
- Visuals (diagram of a soccer field)
- Graphic organizers (chart comparing field hockey and ice hockey)
- Realia and manipulatives (parachute)
- Sentence frames (____ players are on the field in a _____ grame. // Eleven players are on the field in a soccer game.)
- Translated texts
Find more tips on how to use these scaffolds from our ELL Strategy Library.
Language Skills
ELLs are developing four different kinds of language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Look for ways to incorporate all four activities into your lesson. Here are some examples:
- Listening: Listening to a brief news story about a recent sports event
- Speaking: Describing the rules for a game
- Reading: Reading an article about a favorite athlete
- Writing: Sharing information about a favorite game
Students' Languages
Students' languages are a valuable asset! You don't need to speak students' languages in order to use them to support instruction. You can use:
- Multilingual glossaries: Glossaries that include terms and definitions in English and students' languages.
- Cognates are related words in two languages (e.g., the English-Spanish pair information/información). Many languages share cognates with English, including Spanish, which is the most common language spoken among ELLs in the U.S. Teach students how to recognize cognates.
Comprehension Checks
Use quick comprehension checks to track student understanding, such as thumbs up, emojis, exit tickets, or open-ended questions. These are more effective than asking, "Do you understand?"
Hands-on Learning
- Use project-based learning to bring content to life and engage students.
- Use books written for children, middle grades, and young adults that highlight special activities. You can find titles by topic in our Colorín Colorado’s Book Finder, as well as in the booklists below.
Collaboration
Your colleagues can be valuable partners in your work supporting ELLs. This includes:
- Other instructors and classroom teachers
- Colleagues who work closely with ELLs and ELL families, such as family liaisons, bilingual teachers, and ESL specialists
- If you have questions or issues that need to be addressed, reach out to colleagues who can brainstorm ideas together. Everyone's role and perspective is valuable!
Family Outreach
Schools should have clear guidelines about how to communicate with multilingual families and available language resources, such as interpreters, language lines or apps.
In addition:
- Treat families with respect and patience.
- Welcome families to school events.
- If possible, attend back-to-school night or other events so that you can meet students and families together.
Translation apps
Translation apps can fill in gaps where needed. Your school may already be using an app like this with families, and if so, it can be a helpful resource for school staff.
Translation apps are best for quick questions, reminders, and straightforward issues. They are not appropriate for sensitive communication — and they are not perfect. They also can't take cultural considerations into account the way that bilingual, bicultural staff members can.
Sports, Games, and Extra-Curricular Activities
Sports and extra-curricular activities can be a great way to engage students and open new doors for students. Principal Mark Gaither notes,
This is about exposure to opportunity and expanding the horizons for our kids. These are life-changing moments, when a child finds a love and an aptitude, and they all of a sudden see broader possibilities of what their life could be like.
These activities can also be a way to connect students with their cultures or pasttimes that are important in their culture. Keep in mind that ELLs may not be aware of these opportunities. P.E. educators can play a critical role in:
- Ensuring that students and families are aware of sports and activities
- Encouraging student involvement
- Supporting access to equipment
- Ensuring students are able to fully participate in activities
- Ensuring families have information about practice schedules, games, and scholarships
- Looking for ways to engage students and families
Keep in mind that information related to registration, practices, schedules, school events, and fundraising may be new to families. Look for ways to give families the information they need.
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